Plant Toxins
PLANT TOXINS
- Plant toxins are large arrays of toxic chemicals that are produced by plants (usually phytotoxins). These compounds may be non-toxic or acute toxic to some organisms and they are produce to act as their defense mechanisms against animals, particularly mammals. It is suggested that all green plants have the potential to be toxic to herbivores due to the secondary metabolites that accumulate in them. The toxicity of the plants is dependent on the dose taken over for a period of time, age, health status of the animal. Meanwhile, not all parts of the plants are toxic to animals. Fruits are usually free of toxins since they provide foods for the animals, but some ripe fruits are also containing substances that may be harmful to animals.
Mushrooms
Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of a group of higher fungi that have evolved contemporaneously with plants for millions of years. Mushrooms are widely distributed throughout the world, and thousands of species have been identified. Of all many species of mushrooms, about 100 of them are poisonous to humans and 15-20 % are lethal when injected.
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Amanita phalloides accounts for the majority of fatal mushroom poisonings worldwide.commonly known as the death cap
Red kidney bean also known as chili bean, with its dark red skin, same morphology with beans. Raw kidney beans, and some other beans, contain the toxin phytohaemagglutinin. This toxin is killed if red kidney beans are cooked at a high enough temperature and for the right length of time. It is also important that red kidney beans are prepared correctly before use which means soaking them for at least 8 hours before hand.
But if they are cooked for shorter periods of time or at lower temperatures such as those in slow cookers then this will be insufficient to kill this toxin.
Water Hemlock
One of the most toxic plants in the United States
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